马克思主义理论学科研究

诞生于古希腊的“经济学”，主要指奴隶主对奴隶及生产的管理——一种管理家产的技艺，其目的在于增加家庭的财富，因而被称为“家政论”。到了近代，以古典政治经济学的诞生为标志，经济学得以系统化和体系化，进而发展成为一门科学的理论，其目的是增加国民——资产阶级的财富的积累，因而被称为“国富论”。以“政治经济学批判”为主要内容的马克思的《资本论》，揭示了“资本和劳动的关系”，使经济学由“资本的经济学”转向了“劳动的经济学”，其目的是通过重建个人所有制来实现人之自由个性的解放，因而可称之为立足人类解放的“人论”。从“家政论”到“国富论”再到“人论”，这一经济学“术语”的演进，体现了经济学研究视域由“物质财富本位”到“人的发展本位”的革命性历程。

Originating in ancient Greece,the term "economics" primarily referred to the management of slaves and production by slave owners—a craft of household administration aimed at accumulating family wealth,and thus it was known as the Household Management Theory.In modern times,marked by classical political economy,economics became systematized and structured,evolving into an independent science dedicated to enriching the nation,namely the bourgeoisie,and hence entitled the Wealth of Nations Theory.As a critique of political economy,Marx's Capital scientifically elucidates the relationship between capital and labor.It transformed economics from an "economics of capital" into an "economics of labor",pursuing the liberation of human individuality through the reconstruction of individual ownership,and therefore can be defined as the Theory of Human Beings.The evolution of the "term" of economics,from Household Management Theory to Wealth of Nations Theory and then to the Theory of Human Beings,essentially embodies a fundamental shift of economics from focusing on "things" to centering on "human beings".